Ancient Egypt Wars And Turning Points

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The following claims were verified through Perplexity Sonar before the questions were finalised. The host can reference any of them during play:

• The unification of Upper and Lower Egypt occurred around 3100 BCE when Pharaoh Narmer invaded Upper Egypt with a superior military force.
• Pharaoh Narmer is considered the first Egyptian leader to unify Upper and Lower Egypt and was given the title 'Lord of Two Lands'.
• The Hyksos invasion began around 1650 BCE, marking the start of the Second Intermediate Period when Egypt was divided between the Hyksos, Egyptians, and Nubians.
• Ahmose I expelled the Hyksos from Egypt around 1550 BCE, which marked the beginning of the New Kingdom period.
• In 1457 BCE, Pharaoh Thutmose III led his forces to victory at Megiddo, routing a Canaanite force and expanding Egypt's territory into the Levant.
• The Battle of Kadesh in 1274 BCE between Egyptians and Hittites was the largest chariot battle in history and led to the world's first recorded peace treaty.
• In 525 BCE, the Persian emperor Cambyses II defeated Pharaoh Psamtik III at the Battle of Pelusium and turned Egypt into a Persian satrapy.
• The Battle of Djahy around 1178 BCE was a decisive victory for Pharaoh Ramesses III against the Sea Peoples, preventing their full entry into Egypt.
• In 671 BCE, the Assyrian king Esarhaddon invaded Egypt, massacred the Egyptian army, and burned the city of Memphis with iron weapons.
• The rise of individual nomarchs was a contributing factor in the collapse of the Old Kingdom and the beginning of the First Intermediate Period around 2181 BCE.
• Nebheptere Menthuhotep II unified Upper and Lower Egypt again after 40 years of civil war, marking the beginning of the Middle Kingdom period.
• Alexander the Great of Macedon liberated Egypt from Persian rule in 332 BCE and was hailed as a pharaoh, ushering in the Hellenistic era.